Is toluene carcinogenic. Benzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidine.

Mar 18, 2019 · Toluene has largely replaced the more-toxic benzene as a solvent. MDI is primarily used to make rigid polyurethane foams used as insulation for homes. The majority of toluene is used as a component of petrol. Toluene is used in making paints, paint Mar 7, 2024 · Introduction. One pathway of toluene biotransformation leads to the formation of toluene epoxides, which may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can cause oxidative stress and DNA damages (Kodavanti et al. Overview. Jul 21, 2023 · What About Non-Toxic Nail Polish? After learning that exposure to certain ingredients in nail polish can be toxic, many brands turned to be non-toxic or 5, 7, 9, and 10-free. 829) CAS No. According to the FDA, this is a skin allergen and irritant. Auramine production. It is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and cosmetic nail products. It means that these nail polishes are free of potentially toxic chemicals that can harm health, such as triphenyl phosphate, toluene, DBP, etc. With regard to nail polish, a commonly used term is “five-free. One would think toluene being planar would let it at least party intercalate with DNA so if the intercalation thing was correct, we would expect toluene to also be very toxic but slightly less so. Feb 13, 2024 · This cumulative report now includes 256 listings of substances — chemical, physical, and biological agents; mixtures; and exposure circumstances — that are known or reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans. Benzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidine. Reagent-grade toluene is available with a purity of greater than 99% (Aldrich Chemical Co. Asbestos (all forms) and mineral substances (such as talc or vermiculite) that contain asbestos. Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure. Halogenated: consisting of carbons, hydrogens and a halogen atom. NIOSH REL: 100 ppm (375 mg/m 3) TWA, 150 ppm (560 mg/m 3) STEL. Tetrachloroethylene. Oct 16, 2017 · Toluene is a BTEX compound commonly found in varnishes, glues, gasoline, and nail polishes, according to the Environmental Working Group (EWG). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified formaldehyde as a probable human carcinogen under conditions of unusually high Jan 1, 2023 · The regulation also establishes an Alternatives Analysis Threshold for toluene in nail products of 100 ppm. Owing to their DNA interaction properties, there is thought to be no safe exposure threshold or dose. Benzene and toluene were found to activate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in rat liver epithelial (RLE) and HL60 cells. It is insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar After the identification of some of toluene’s molecular actions, several research groups studied metabolic and neurochemical changes associated with toluene exposure. Oct 24, 2023 · Exposure to TDI and related compounds is well known to result in skin and lung sensitization among workers and has been documented to cause asthma, lung damage, and in severe cases, fatal reactions. 1. The hallmarks of toluene intoxication are hypokalemic paralysis and metabolic acidosis. Benzo [a]pyrene. Edit: sorry left out a step. Jun 6, 2022 · The two isomers, toluene-2,5-diamine 14 and toluene-3,4-diamine 15, are primary intermediates that can impart different colors to permanent hair dyes. These chemicals are linked to several health concerns including endocrine disruption and organ-system toxicity. Jul 26, 2023 · The most widely used aromatic diisocyanates are toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Mar 19, 2019 · Toluene is not classified as a carcinogenic solvent, and its genotoxicity is still under discussion (EPA 2005; IARC 1999). This petrochemical and neurotoxicant causes nausea, dizziness and irritation of the skin, eyes, and lungs. How to reduce your risk. Current OSHA PEL: 200 ppm TWA, 300 ppm CEILING, 500 ppm 10-minute MAXIMUM PEAK. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, sweet odor. 032 ppb when it was detected. Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in Apr 11, 2022 · Toluene is commonly abused by saturating or soaking a sock or rag with toluene-contianing product, placing it over the nose and mouth, and inhaling to get a sensation of euphoria, buzz, or high. Dichloromethane ( DCM, methylene chloride, or methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula C H 2 Cl 2. Toluene has the potential of causing severe neurological harm. Two aromatic hydrocarbons that are commonly abused for their euphoric effect include toluene (methylbenzene) and benzene. The possible carcinogenic mechanism of TDI and MDI is not clear. This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform -like, sweet odor is widely used as a solvent. Considering the adverse carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and specially Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) which are widely used in vehicle manufacturing industry, it is clear that monitoring and control of occupational exposure to these substances is of utmost significance. Chemical structure: TLV–TWA, 20 ppm. Toluene is much less carcinogenic than its close relative benzene. Toluene alone is an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. The Toluene Diisocyanates (TDI) Action Plan (PDF) addresses EPA’s review of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and related compounds, CASRNs 91-08-7, 584-84-9, 26471-62-5, 9017-01-0, 26747-90-0, and 26603-40-7. Abstr. Long-term toluene exposure is often associated with effects such as: psychoorganic syndrome; [24] visual evoked potential (VEP) abnormality; [24] toxic polyneuropathy, cerebellar, cognitive, and pyramidal dysfunctions; [23] [24] optic atrophy; hearing disorders [25] [26] and brain lesions. Toluene is included in the petroleum contamination group, along with benzene and xylene. It is used to manufacture benzene, urethane raw materials, and other organic chemicals. Kinase activation and subsequent hyperphosphorylation of pRb105 and p53 by benzene or toluene may be responsible for Toluene is a good solvent (a substance that can dissolve other substances). Toluene is marketed principally as nitration and industrial grades, its purity being dependent on the specific gravity and boiling range of the product (Hoff, 1983). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified formaldehyde as a probable human carcinogen under conditions of unusually high Dec 19, 2018 · Carcinogen, low TLV, Classified as a hazardous airborne pollutant. It is banned in industrial uses. Death can result. List of known side effects. 17 For example, toluene-2,5-diamine and its sulfate salt can color hair black, brown, gold, or gray, and toluene-3,4-diamine makes hair brown, red, or gold. Effects of Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure: Can cause dry, red, cracked skin (dermatitis) following skin contact. Multiple studies of humans chronically exposed to mixtures of solvents containing toluene provide supporting evidence for toluene-mediated hearing loss, but concurrent exposure to other solvents limits the conclusions that can be drawn about toluene toxicity. Since that time new data have become available, which have been incorporated in this Monograph, and taken into consideration in the present evaluation. Apr 23, 2019 · P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) Used in permanent color, especially darker shades. Products that may contain toluene-such as paint, metal cleaners and Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate; PubChem – Isocyanates. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH) CAS number: 108–88–3. Some of these studies were inadequate for evaluation. BHT is the recognized name in the cosmetics industry for butylated hydroxytoluene. Broad agreement: comes from industry data where a majority of data submitters agree the substance is carcinogenic. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree. Because of its odor and irritant effects, toluene is regarded as having good warning properties. Di-isopropyl ether. Toluene can occur naturally in crude oil or in the tolu tree. Dec 13, 2021 · Toluene (C 7 H 8) is an aromatic hydrocarbon, colourless liquid, water-insoluble with the smell associated with paint thinners and it is predominantly used as an industrial feedstock and a solvent in some types of paint thinner, permanent markers, some types of glue. Toluene is a colorless, clear liquid that has a sweet, distinct smell. Methylene Chloride. While the majority of polyurethane products containing TDI and related compounds undergo “curing” (hardening) prior to reaching the consumers Benzene is carcinogenic, whereas toluene is thought to have little carcinogenic potential. It may also be contaminated with 4-ABP, a human carcinogen. 2 CAS number: 108-88-3. Jan 7, 2016 · Sometimes benzene, but polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, more likely, can oxidize in the body to form epoxides, some of which are susceptible to a carcinogenic pathway. Benzene is an established carcinogen, but the carcinogenicity of toluene is as yet undetermined. Toluene is classified as a possible carcinogen, but its role on thyroid cancer is not well established. It is a good solvent (a substance that can dissolve other substances). This finding raised the question of whether formaldehyde exposure could also cause cancer in humans. It is also used in paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives, rubber, and cleaning agents. The National Institute of Health (NIH) reports that toluene exposure through inhalation or skin contact can cause long-term damage to the kidneys. Does toluene affect pregnancy or the unborn child? Toluene may cause harm to the unborn child if the mother is exposed to large amounts, such Trichloroethylene. OTO –Ototoxicant. Oral studies demonstrate that BHT is metabolized. S. 3. Slang names for inhalation include huffing (ie, soaking a sock or rag) and bagging (ie, spraying paint into a plastic bag and inhaling). Jan 1, 2021 · Background. It is a known carcinogen. Toluene. A hyperlink is provided for those chemicals for which the basis for listing documentation is available No recent data are available for levels of toluene in sediment or soil. Benzene rings in general can oxidize in the body with the "help" of the enzyme cytochrome P450. 10. It is also a volatile organic compound, meaning it can turn into a gas. It is also added to gasoline along with Apr 10, 2020 · The American Cancer Society reports benzene is a known carcinogen. Jun 6, 2017 · It is also the primary cause of allergic reactions in hair colourings. : 71 (1999) (p. The Excel document also includes the listing mechanism for each chemical listing and the safe harbor level, if one has been adopted. The EPA classifies benzene as a known human carcinogen. Carbon Tetrachloride. 1Exposure data. Toluene is used in making paints, paint Oct 26, 2017 · Benzene has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (IARC group 1) since 1979, on the basis of sufficient evidence that it causes leukaemia. Toluene is also oxidized by P450s, but the methyl group is primarily oxidized, so you make benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid (a common food additive!) This is similar to why ethanol isn’t that toxic but ethylene glycol (with just one more hydroxy group) is toxic. The National Library of Medicine (NLM). Toluene doesn't get oxidized in the same way, hence less toxicity. (1) Toluene occurs as a colorless, flamma 6 ble 5, re 3 The majority of toluene released into the atmosphere is from inadvertent sources, eg vehicle emissions and spills. Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between organic solvents and cancer is reviewed. When you breathe toluene, it is t aken directly into your blood from your lungs. Although they work in more or less the same way, PPD is a more aggressive ingredient. Toluene has been classified as a group 3 carcinogen (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) by the IARC . Inhalation exposure. The acute neurological symptoms are accompanied by severe metabolic alterations, as well as organ injury and dysfunction. 05. Equivocal results were obtained in studies to determine developmental effects in animals. BHT is used in a wide range of cosmetic formulations as an antioxidant at concentrations from 0. ” The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an electronic database of human health effects from exposure to various substances in the environment. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolú tree. Powerful peroxide former. Instead it is far less toxic, which doesn't square. Refined toluene contains benzene, a known carcinogen linked to leukemia and other health conditions. A component in DNA, called 2'-deoxyguanosine, has an "NH"_2 on it that can act as a nucleophile. Dec 13, 2023 · Diisocyanates (also commonly known as isocyanates) are highly reactive and versatile chemicals with widespread commercial and consumer use. making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes. 5. Nov 22, 2022 · Without proper ventilation, toluene exposure can irritate your eyes, nose, throat and skin. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are used as preservatives in a variety of personal care products. In fact, the FDA does not allow its use on the skin in the form of black henna temporary tattoos. To view TLV and Documentation, you must be logged in as an ACGIH member Under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessments (US. When it comes to cosmetics, the term “non-toxic” can be difficult to decipher. These studies classify toluene as a possible carcinogen but not an established one for thyroid cancer. It targets certain arene oxides Toluene is not considered to be carcinogenic. It is produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and in making coke from coal. [23] The neurotoxic effects of long-term use (in Toluene diisocyanate did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes. In 1987, the U. Dec 4, 2011 · What are carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances? Cancer is a disease characterised by uncontrolled growth of altered cells and their ability to migrate from the original site and spread to different parts of the body. , 1988). 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate induced mutations in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells at the tk locus in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation and increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges but not chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary In 1980, laboratory studies showed that exposure to formaldehyde could cause nasal cancer in rats. Toluene-2,5-diamine, toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate, and toluene-3,4-diamine are diaminotoluenes used as colorants in permanent hair dyes and tints. 0002% to 0. 2-aminonaphthalene – this substance causes bladder cancer. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has not classified toluene as a carcinogen . Synonyms: Aantisal 1a; Methacide; Methyl-benzene; Methylbenzol; Monomethyl benzene; Phenyl methane; Toluol; Tolu-sol. 1%. Technical grades (90–120°C boiling range) are less pure and may contain up to 25% benzene as well as other hydrocarbons (Clement This Public Health Statement summarizes the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) findings on toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), including chemical characteristics, exposure risks, possible health effects from exposure, and ways to limit exposure. EPA, 2005), there is inadequate information to assess the carcinogenic potential of toluene because studies of humans chronically exposed to toluene are inconclusive, toluene was not carcinogenic in adequate inhalation cancer bioassays of rats and mice exposed for life (CIIT, 1980 NTP, 1990 Huff, 2003), and increased incidences Toluene-2,5-diamine is used in 79 products at concentrations up to 3%; toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate is used in 168 products at concentrations up to 4%. Print. It is important to store toluene in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and to use appropriate safety measures when handling it. Azathioprine. Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in Jul 13, 2015 · 1-aminonaphthalene – in ingredient in weed killers. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Toxicology Program (NTP). Following absorption, toluene is Toluene is a flammable liquid. In a document issued on 12 June 2001, the CSTEE commented on the results of the Risk Assessment of Toluene, carried out in the framework of Council regulation (EEC) 793/93 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances. 1999 ). Chloroform. Aug 25, 2022 · IARC Carcinogen Classification: Group 1 for Cadmium, Group 2A for inorganic lead, Group 2A for styrene, Group 2 for Benzene, Group 3 (for Xylenes), Group 3 (for Toluene), Group 3 for Chromium All are ingredients in paint. pRb105 was hyperphosphorylated in RLE cells treated with either solvent. It can also cause headaches, dizziness, confusion and anxiety. Both of these chemicals are also used as preservatives in foods. Because of this property, some people use it as a recreational inhalant. For example, using microPET, [ 84] it has been shown that acute and repeated toluene exposure markedly reduces metabolic function in rat brain. 17 Toluene-2,5-diamine 14 can be Jun 2, 2021 · Toluene is a colourless liquid that is highly flammable and has dissociative anaesthetic effects. Mar 5, 2024 · Volatile organic compounds, or VOCs are organic chemical compounds whose composition makes it possible for them to evaporate under normal indoor atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure 3. The chronic effects of exposure to toluene are much less severe than those of benzene. Levels of toluene detected in rural and urban air averaged 1. EPA, 2005), the EPA considers that there is inadequate information to assess the carcinogenic potential of toluene. Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes. Aspiration hazard. Classified as a hazardous airborne pollutant, carcinogen. Ammonia – it is Feb 15, 2019 · Toluene naturally occurs in crude oil at low levels and, as such, toluene is typically generated during the process of making fuels from crude oil. (1) Toluene occurs as a colorless, flamma 6 ble 5, re 3 The federal government develops regulations and recommendations to protect public health. Significant exposure to toluene during pregnancy may affect the baby’s development. Mar 20, 2023 · The carcinogenicity of toluene is yet to be determined, but studies show that toluene exposure does not cause cancer. The ACGIH proposed TLV-TWA of 20 ppm for toluene in occupationally exposed workers . Nov 21, 2019 · “Non-toxic” nail polish. Toluene inhalation during pregnancy has also been linked to birth and developmental defects. Federal agencies that develop regulations for toxic substances include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Jan 23, 2018 · According to the authors, the use of petrogenic hydrocarbons as a solvent in the extraction of flavor compounds and nicotine from natural plants may have produced benzene (classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by IARC), toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene. Toluene is a toxic chemical used in in nail products and hair dyes. Name: Methylbenzene. Acute exposure to high levels of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in humans, via inhalation, results in Jul 5, 2024 · Possibly carcinogenic to humans: 321 agents: Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans: 499 agents: For definitions of these groups, please see Therefore, toluene is assigned the cancer category A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen) by ACGIH and Group D (not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) by EPA (ACGIH 2013; IRIS 2007). 2017. 15 g/mol. Inhaling large amounts can cause neurological damage, unconsciousness, and even death. It can be toxic when inhaled or ingested. Environmental exposure to toluene may occur from many sources such as drinking water, food, air, and consumer products . 250. May be drawn into the lungs if swallowed or vomited, causing severe lung damage. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is extremely toxic from acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures. positive associations with acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were also recognised at that time. Report on Carcinogens (RoC). Toluene is an industrial chemical produced in high volume, that is used in blending gasoline and as a solvent. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has been classified as carcinogenic in animals on the basis of gavage administration studies, but no conclusions are available on inhalation exposure. A4 —Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen. Potential carcinogen: comes from a harmonised C&L classifying the substance as a suspected carcinogen Carc. Oct 15, 2018 · Carcinogens are currently categorized into two classes, genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, which are subject to different regulatory policies. Sep 28, 2023 · Toluene has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 3 – not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans Footnote 30. 2. KIDNEY DAMAGE. The latest report, the 15th Report on Carcinogens was released on December 21, 2021. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation. Carcinogens are substances or mixtures which induce cancer or increase its incidence. Toluene-2,5-diamine is used in 79 products at concns. It is also produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and making coke from coal. Occupational exposure as a painter was considered by previous Working Groups in 1988 and 2007 (IARC, 1989, 2010a). Inhalation can cause tired or euphoric effects which is why toluene is sometimes abused recreationally. 3 and 10. : 108-88-3 Chem. Molecular formula: C 7 H 8. up to 3%; toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate is used in 168 products at concns. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to air at room temperature. Minority position: comes from industry data where a minority of data submitters indicate the substance is carcinogenic. ” Five-free refers to polishes that do not contain five specific ingredients: formaldehyde, toluene, dibutyl phthalate, formaldehyde resin, and camphor. Benzene. Proposition 65 requires businesses to determine if they must provide a warning about significant exposure to listed chemicals. Toluene is on the Proposition 65 list because it can cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. This is the general definition of VOCs that is used in the scientific literature, and is consistent with the definition used for indoor air quality. Toluene is also released into the environment during its transport, production, use and disposal [2]. 2011 ; Murata et al. Description. This regulation became effective on January 1, 2023. The NTP has classified benzene as “known to be a human carcinogen. 2% of wells had concentrations at or above 0. Vehicle emissions are one of the largest contributed sources of toluene, but no studies evaluating the influence of living near a road on the association between toluene and the incidence of thyroid cancer have been reported. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Feb 6, 2021 · Background Airport personnel are at risk of occupational exposure to jet engine emissions, which similarly to diesel exhaust emissions include volatile organic compounds and particulate matter consisting of an inorganic carbon core with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. (2) Physical Properties The chemical formula for toluene is C H CH , and its molecular weight is 92. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) classifies toluene as an A4 – not classifiable as a human carcinogen Footnote 31. Semi-permanent and permanent hair colourings usually use either p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) or Toluene-2,5 Diamine Sulfate to activate the colouring pigments. Paint chemical exposure poses the greatest risk in a workplace setting. 8 µg/m3, respectively [1]. Genotoxic carcinogens are chemicals that exert carcinogenicity via the induction of mutations. 2 ppb . Regulations can be enforced by law. Apr 20, 2023 · Toluene can also burn with a sooty flame, producing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which are toxic gases that can be harmful to human health. Sep 23, 2005 · Basis: Under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U. 2 Dichloromethane ( DCM, methylene chloride, or methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula C H 2 Cl 2. 5%. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. Toluene is a highly toxic chemical that can bring about a wide range of detrimental health effects when inhaled, swallowed, or when it comes into contact with the skin Apr 13, 1999 · VOL. Toluene is typically used in a mixture with other solvents and chemicals such as paint pigments. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires benzene to be listed in concentrations higher than . Occupational exposure to toluene is extensive and occurs in its production and during the . In others, repeated application of toluene to the skin of mice did not result in an increased incidence of skin tumours ( IARC, 1989a ). May 1994. Dec 31, 2018 · Toluene indicated the lowest hazard quotient, whilst ethylbenzene was potentially found to have the highest hazard quotient, at a value of 0. Identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances that may pose a health hazard due to their carcinogenicity. U. Dec 29, 2023 · The current Proposition 65 list is available on-line below, as a pdf or Excel download or through WestLaw. Carcinogen, toxic, depletes ozone, Classified as a hazardous airborne pollutant. There is inadequate evidence in humans to assess if toluene causes cancer and available animal data does not indicate that toluene is carcinogenic. BHT does penetrate the skin, but the relatively low amount absorbed remains primarily in the skin. Discover more details about the report and Benzene is carcinogenic, whereas toluene is thought to have little carcinogenic potential. For 4,4'-methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) there is suggestive evidence for carcinogenicity in rats. TDI is used to make flexible polyurethane foam for furniture, bedding, carpet underlay and other products. Benzene is carcinogenic, Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. Jun 6, 2022 · A review. 1989 OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (375 mg/m 3) TWA, 150 ppm (560 mg/m 3) STEL. Toluene-3,4-diamine does not appear to be in current use. It’s the metabolites that we make that can be the toxic compounds. Previously, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel determined that all 3 ingredients were safe for use as hair dyes. Toluene was used as a vehicle control in a number of skin-painting studies. Indoor air levels of toluene Aug 18, 2015 · Toluene intoxication due to intentional inhalation is a common admission diagnosis in Mexico and it can lead to death. In the 1980s, more than a million persons were potentially exposed to some specific solvents in the United States; in Canada, 40 percent of male cancer Butylated Compounds. Aug 8, 2023 · Aromatic: carbons arranged in a ring. The higher the octane number or rating, the greater the fuel’s resistance to knocking or pinging during combustion. up to 4%. #3. Carbon tetrachloride. It is used in. Feb 6, 2023 · Search. Toluene is used in these applications because it is dense and contains significant energy per unit of Under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessments (US. Some studies show a link between blood toluene concentration and thyroid cancer. The maximum detected concentrations of benzene, methanol, and ethanol in May 10, 2024 · Ingestion: Can cause effects as described for inhalation. Oct 14, 2022 · Toluene is a gasoline additive that can be used to improve octane ratings for fuel used in race cars and other automobiles. Diesel exhaust is classified as carcinogenic and the particulate fraction has in itself been linked to Dec 19, 2018 · Carcinogen, low TLV, Classified as a hazardous airborne pollutant. The results presented in our study indicate that there is a lower probability of non-carcinogenic health effects as a result of exposure to domestic coal combustion technology, as described in this study. Dichloromethane. Domestic and foreign manufacturers of nail products containing toluene, whose products are placed into the stream of commerce in California, had to submit a Priority Product Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds. However, toluene is toxic when inhaled at high concentrations, causing severe neurological problems. No carcinogenic effects were reported in animal studies. Beryllium and beryllium compounds. While no direct human evidence is available, there is recent evidence of carcinogenicity of toluene and xylene at high concentrations in experimental animals. In a survey of drinking-water wells by the USGS, the median concentration of toluene was 0. Toluene is also used in the manufacture of other chemicals, nylon, and plastics. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyurenthane products. Exposure to toluene can result in temporary effects such as headaches, dizziness and cracked skin, as well as more serious effects such as reproductive damage and respiratory complications. Scientific Committee for Toxicity and Ecotoxicity (CSTEE) opinion 2001. In 1980, laboratory studies showed that exposure to formaldehyde could cause nasal cancer in rats. lz kr im bl jb mx lv eq cl hq