Windows 10 clear temp files. Jul 31, 2023 · How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows.

In the Settings app, open the System category. Select the drive you want to clean up. To get to it in Windows 7 type: %temp% in the search field in the Start menu, or on Windows 8. Tip: Here's another way to clear the Firefox cache: Click the menu button to open the menu panel. Membuka Slot CD di Windows 10. Check the box next to Jun 6, 2019 · To cleanup your PC and remove any files that can safely be automatically removed, including Temporary files: Open File Explorer. These Feb 21, 2022 · Step 1: Restart your computer multiple times. 2) Restart your device in normal mode and sign in again with your original profile. Go to “ System → Storage “. Delete Temporary Files via Disk Cleanup. That is it. Again simultaneously press the Windows + R shortcut keys to open Run. 1, hit the Windows Key and type the same thing from the Start menu and hit Enter. Each program should delete all its temporary files when it closes, but for various reasons it doesn't always happen (for example, if the program crashes, it never gets to do May 12, 2023 · Microsoft provides a new option in the Storage sense to automatically delete temp files that are not used. If you want to stop the process, navigate to the above folder path and delete temp. In the Above Screenshot, I have run the saved the file in C:\ and run it from PowerShell and Selected “Y” to clear the Temp May 23, 2016 · It's clear that the 'Disk Clean-up' utility in Windows 10 is not functioning properly and not being able to delete Temporary Internet Files and Temporary Files. Next to Time range to clearWhen:, choose Everything from the drop-down menu, select Disk cleanup in Windows. Windows 10. Step 4: Under the Storage section, turn on the option as shown in the image below. No entanto, seu computador pode criar centenas desses arquivos por dia, podendo lotar o seu disco rígido. Mar 18, 2024 · Clean up your Windows 10 computer with ease! Follow our step-by-step guide to quickly delete temporary files and free up valuable disk space. Yes. Under Free up space now, select Clean now . Press Windows key + R. Jun 21, 2022 · Finally, click the Clean up button to delete the temporary files safely. Press the DELETEkey, and then click Yeswhen the User Account Control window appear to confirm. Press Enter to open the Temp folder containing temporary files and other folders. Jul 5, 2017 · Windows 10 says my temporary files have 5. Microsoft Scripting Guy, Ed Wilson, is here. Oct 18, 2021 · Whenever you use an app or do browsing on the internet, Windows creates some temporary files. Anonymous. You can also delete files in c:\windows\temp with the same notes as above. Empty the %temp% folder and clear the browser cache. Windows 10 and 11 users can manage Temp files with Storage feature: Step 1. I used to do nested loops, one /R to get all the files, and then a loop that POP to delete the directories once they were empty. Type PREFETCH and click OK. Close the Settings page. Other than doing it automatically when rebooting (that would interfere with installations like the kind I described), it's always safe to delete the In order to clear Windows Update cache in Windows 10 / 8 / 7: Press Win + R and then type services. After you turn it on, click the ‘Change how we free up space automatically’. Run the command . Using File Explorer (Manual Method) Use “Storage sense” to automatically delete temporary files. May 12, 2023 · Select the target drive and click“OK”. Using Command Sep 28, 2023 · Key Takeaways. Step 2: Type %temp% and then press Enter key to open the Temp folder containing temporary files. To delete temporary files: In the search box on the taskbar, type disk cleanup, and select Disk Cleanup from the list of results. Jan 18, 2024 · Temporary Files - Programs sometimes store temporary information in a Temp folder. You can also click the Clean up system files button. 3. Select all the files and folder and press May 20, 2024 · Press the Windows Key + i to open the Settings app. One potential solution was to check the C:\Windows\Logs folder for huge logs, but the folder is only 28. Enter %temp% and Hit “OK”. However later I created this nested loop to write to each file "echo junk > file. Nov 24, 2020 · The temp folder provides workspace for programs. Next, Clear Windows Temp Cache. 1) Restart your device in safe mode and sign in with your original profile. tmp items. रन बॉक्स में “%temp Delete using Windows Explorer. Click Disk Cleanup when it appears in the search results. " . But some things--like "Windows ESD Installation Files" on Windows 10--probably shouldn't be removed. Each program should delete all its temporary files when it closes, but for various reasons it doesn't always happen (for example, if the program crashes, it never gets to do this). Type %TEMP% and click OK. The second step starts automatically after rebooting and needs to find those files there (and then deletes them when it's done). In most cases, this will be Windows (C:), which is the default drive selected. พิมพ์ข้อความ Disk Cleanup ลงในช่องค้นกา Mar 29, 2024 · Yes, it's safe to delete prefetch files. The instructions apply to Windows, but many of these Nov 15, 2022 · Windows 10 Laptop or Desktop computer storage is full of temp and junk files, you want to delete them permanently to free up space? The best 2 ways to clear Aug 31, 2017 · This will save the batch file in your Startup folder. Most issues with Autodesk software that involve excessive or corrupt temp files can be resolved by deleting the contents of a user's local temp folder. Open File Explorer. Programs can create temporary files there for their own temporary use. The Disk Cleanup screen will appear. Here’s how to clear temp files by using the Temporary Files menu: Mar 15, 2024 · How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10 Using CMD. Checkmark all the files you want to delete, then click on the Remove files button. Method 1. To delete Update cache, go to - C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download folder. Use the Settings menu. Select all and click Delete. I want to delete all temp files on my laptop they are occupying too much space. Or you can open the File Explorer; use the keyboard shortcut Windows logo key + E to open it. 8MB. To improve your PC's performance and to keep it decluttered, you should Jul 11, 2024 · Here’s how to delete temporary files in Windows 10 using Run: Press the Win + R keys together to open the “Run” dialog box. Alternatively, you can also click “Cleanup recommendations” and then click “See advanced options” to end up on the same “ Temporary files ” settings page. Under the "Devices and drives" section, right-click the "Local Disk" drive and Nov 30, 2017 · The first step concludes by writing temporary files and rebooting. " In the following window, enable the option that shows any hidden files and folders. Type %TMP% and then click OK. Windows never automatically cleans the %TEMP% directory by default. From the Organize or Tools menu, click Folder and search options or Folder options…. 2. Click button named “Remove files” located at the top of the list. 4GB is being used. Select the files you want to delete and click "Clean Up System Files. Dec 20, 2023 · How To Increase Windows 10 and windows 11 Performance By Deleting Temp Files At Every Start Up:- Whenever a file is created, correspondingly a temporarily file is also created with the extension . You can find it at the following address: C:\Users\<YourUserName>\AppData\Local\Temp. Enable it and you are done. रन बॉक्स खोलने के लिए ⊞ Win + R की दबाएं: टेम्पररी फाइल्स को क्लियर करने का यह सबसे अधिक इस्तेमाल होने वाला तरीका है।. Then click the Delete button on the command bar. The Folder Options window should now appear. They aren't temporary files (which is confusing given it's listed under temporary Dec 15, 2022 · Open Settings on Windows 10. Sep 25, 2020 · The traditional way of manually cleaning temporary files. Click on This PC from the left pane. Make sure to start cleanmgr. Open the Storage settings page. Jun 12, 2023 · Check the box next to Keep Windows running smoothly by automatically cleaning up temporary system and app files. The location of the temp folder is pretty straightforward. You can go directly to this folder by typing %temp% in the Start > Run box and clicking OK. Select the System section, then navigate to Storage. 16 GB of temporary files. Once you complete the steps, junk files will be removed from your computer, freeing up space for more important files. If you have not cleared the temporary files for a long period o Jun 4, 2024 · The temp folder will open. Jan 4, 2023 · Click the More Options tab. O Windows 10 cria arquivos temporários usados por certos aplicativos (como o Microsoft Word) para melhorar a experiência de uso. Select the drive you want to clean up, and then select OK. Step 02: Type “ prefetch ”on the box press “ Enter ” or click “ OK ”. Open Settings and go to System -> Storage. The %TEMP% folder will be opened, please permanently delete all files inside the folder, if some files are not deleted it will be normal as they may be in use. TIP: To select all files in a folder, you can use the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut. 1. Dec 30, 2021 · On the Desktop, press the Windows + R hotkeys simultaneously to open Run. "Temporary" files are, more often than not, deleted whenever the program that created them chooses to delete them. Select the checkboxes next to the types of files you want to delete. Step 1: Visit the Start menu and select Settings. Once selected, click ‘Remove files’ to delete them. This is one of the quickest methods, and it covers the most common types of temporary files. Click on System. Apr 25, 2022 · Yes, it is safe to totally clear out that C:\Windows\Temp folder and the other main Temp folder in your user profile folder, you can manually select all files and press Delete, some files that are in use will refuse to delete, that is normal. Mar 16, 2024 · Click the Clear button. When using the delete option, you can also press Shift + Del , instead of a regular delete, to permanently delete files and not just send them to the recycle bin. Step 2. . In Windows 10 you have to enable this feature in Settings, and with earlier versions you must delete the files yourself or use programs like Disk Cleanup or cCleaner. old folder, which contains files that give you the option to go back to your previous version of Windows. Memperbesar Tampilan di PC. The TEMP folder will open, please permanently delete all files inside the folder, if some files are not deleted it will be normal as they may be in use. In Command Prompt window, you can type rd %temp% /s /q command or type rd “C:\Users\Username\AppData\Local\Temp” /s /q command to remove the Temp folder in Windows 10. Press the CTRL+ Akeys at the same time to select all the . Let Disk Cleanup do its initial scan. Yes, they can, and should be, deleted periodically. Click Start or the search box, type cmd, right-click Command Prompt, and select Run as administrator. Each program should delete all its temporary files when it closes, but for various reasons it doesn't always happen (for Aug 23, 2019 · การลบไฟล์ชั่วคราวบน Windows 10 เวอร์ชัน 1903 ทำได้ตามขั้นตอนดังนี้. To do so, open up the Run dialog (Win + R) and type in "prefetch. Jan 18, 2022 · Type %Temp% in Run, and click the OK button. If any file is busy by an app, it will not allow deletion. Open Storage. The System category of Windows 10 Settings. Click Delete. Now, select all the files using the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut and delete them. Membuka Folder di Command Prompt. --please don't forget to upvote and Accept as answer if the reply is helpful--. tmp files are locked by the printfilterpipelinesvc. Once deleted, do not forget to empty the recycle bin. Select the specific unwanted folders and temp files or select all items by pressing the Ctrl + A keys at the same time. If you need to free up drive space, you can delete it, but keep in mind that you'll be deleting your Windows. Jul 31, 2023 · How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows. Apr 3, 2023 · Instead, right-click on the Start button or press Win + X, then open a Command Prompt (Admin), Windows PowerShell (Admin), or Windows Terminal (Admin) window from the resulting menu. You can select various types of temporary files like system cache, recycle bin items, and more. Today, we welcome back our newest guest blogger, Bob Stevens. Select the disk drive you want to clean from the drop-down menu, and click OK. Press Windows Logo + R keys. On the Manage Tab, click Cleanup. You can safely delete temporary files that haven't been modified within the last week. Click on Storage. Wait while Disk Cleanup calculates the amount of space that can be recovered. C:\Users (username)\AppData\Local\Temp enter image description here The AppData folder would look something like this. Apr 10, 2023, 2:53 PM. Open the Windows 11 settings menu and go to System > Storage > Temporary Files. เปิด Windows Settings โดยคลิก Start จากนั้นคลิก Settings (หรือกดแป้นพิมพ์ลัด Windows + I) 2. Jul 23, 2023 · Open Run. Step 2: Select the system drive to clean up. After downloading and running Process Explorer we were able to find that these . Simple steps: Press Win + I to open the Settings app. This help content & information General Help Center experience. Or follow the “Free up space now” link to view and remove the temporary files. Step 3: Select all files and folders and then click the Delete key to delete all temporary files. Using this recommended method. You can select multiple files by pressing the Ctrl key and keeping it pressed. The file sizes you mention are tiny, 250KB means that after 4 hours, your temp folder would be 1MB Nov 10, 2023 · You can also use the Disk Cleanup tool and Storage Sense settings to delete temporary files from Windows 11. On the left side of the window, go to "Storage". Apr 12, 2022 · Accessing the Temp Folder. Method 3. There, you will find the option named "Storage Sense". That's all it takes to disable hibernation. May 26, 2021 · Click on the “Temporary files”, Windows will scan and display all the temp files on your computer. 1. This thread is locked. Oct 5, 2022 · กดปุ่ม Windows + Q หรือ Windows + S บนคีย์บอร์ด หรือคลิกปุ่มแว่นขยายที่ทาสก์บาร์ เพื่อเปิดใช้ช่องค้นหา. Temporary (or “temp” for short) files are those that the system and apps store on the device Jul 19, 2020 · You can delete the files in local appdata . Press the Ctrl + A hotkey to select all content within the Temp folder. Click on the Temporary files section. UPDATED 11/10/2023: On Windows 11, you can delete temporary files in at least four ways, and in this guide, I’ll explain each process. Enter %temp% from Search / Run, and delete what's in there. Aug 19, 2023 · Clearing the cache in Windows 10 can help troubleshoot system issues, improve performance, and free up disk space. Feb 2, 2022 · Click Storage; Turn on Storage Sense and click Change how space is automatically freed up; Then, in the options for changing the way in which space is automatically freed, check that the temporary files option is activated and select how often temporary files are deleted (You can change it to: Every day); Tip for using the Temp folder cleanup Feb 8, 2023 · Find the file you want to delete, and click or tap on it to select it. Do not force it. It was written for Windows 7, but the process remains the same for Windows 10. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Press the Windows key, type in Disk Cleanup, and select the option from the results list. Hit the “Delete” key and Jun 14, 2021 · Use the search box on the taskbar to find the Disk Clean-up app, and click to open it. Go to Settings > System > Storage to delete temporary files. Select Everything (except your Downloads folder) in the list and choose Delete. On the right page, click on the “ Temporary Files ” option. Clean temp files via Storage. I can't find a solution searching for it. Steps to take if your Temp folder continually fills up with Oct 16, 2018 · According to Settings, about 54. -----. Do not force deletion of any file in appdata temp or windows temp. May 20, 2022 · 1. Press Windows + R. Menghapus Berkas Temporer dan Prefetch dari Komputer. Along with the Local Temp folder, you can also find another temp folder in the main Windows folder. exe /hibernate off. Sep 22, 2020 · Select Disk Cleanup app to open the tool. Follow the below steps to have a try: Step 1. Get more info about freeing up drive space. Aug 26, 2019 · 1. Before a program quits, the program usually deletes this information. These temporary files pile up in the hard drive space until you delete them. Open the Settings app and go to the System group of settings. Step 1: Open the Run command box by simultaneously pressing Windows logo and R keys. \temp with no harm. Temporary Offline Files - Temporary offline files are local copies of recently used network files. Aug 24, 2021 · Follow these steps to clear your system cache in Windows 10: Select the Window Start menu and then select Settings . You could run Disk Cleanup then choose here (below). Mar 28, 2024 · 1. I would leave prefetch as is, since deleting it might actually degrade the performance of the system. Scroll down the right hand side and select "Advanced System Settings". Enter “ Y ” for Yes if you want to delete the files in the mentioned directory. Type temp and click OK. Sort by: Most helpful. Ao ter um documento do Microsoft Word aberto, uma cópia temporária dela pode ser criada a cada poucos minutos. Press Ctrl + A and click Delete. The temp folder provides workspace for programs. Turn on the switch under Automatic User content cleanup to set the cleanup Apr 16, 2021 · Stopping the spooler service does not release these files so most often they cannot be deleted. Here, type %temp% and hit Enter. Simultaneously press the Windows + R hotkeys to open Run. You can clear the temp folder though. Jan 6, 2022 · Here’s how to permanently delete files in Windows 10 through PowerShell: Press the Windows key + R together to open the Run command window. This article describes the best ways you can clear junk files from your PC, plus the pros and cons of doing so. Nov 7, 2022 · This is your personal Downloads folder, you need to evaluate the files on the folder to judge if you can clear it or not. Aug 30, 2020 · Everything Else Disk Cleanup Can Delete. Under Files to delete, check the boxes next to the temp files you want to clear, and then click OK. Three Commands which are shown in this video:1. Select the Storage tab and turn on Storage Sense. Type %temp% and click OK. To reset Windows Update, select Start > Settings > System > Troubleshoot > Other troubleshooters , then next to Windows Update , select Run. Check to see if your settings and files are restored. /ClearTempFiles-V1. I have seen in these pages that a lot many people are also having the same problem, but haven't noticed any Sep 12, 2022 · Some of these methods are as follows: Using Windows Settings. Jan 27, 2021 · Deleting User Profiles in Advanced Settings: Then from your own Account, Start, Settings, About. Using Process Explorer we are able to restart the printfilterpipelinesvc service and THEN delete these files. Any changes you've made will automatically be saved. Apr 10, 2023 · 1 additional answer. If prompted, click delete files to confirm your command. Delete the contents of the folder that opens up. Type in Remove-item [file path] -recurse, replacing [file path] with the actual path of the file or folder you wish to permanently delete. Mar 16, 2018 · Borra tus archivos temporales en Windows 10. That opens the Temp Apr 14, 2013 · Summary: Guest blogger, Bob Stevens, talks about using Windows PowerShell to clean out temporary folders on desktops following a malware infection. Report abuse. Mar 25, 2024 · Type %temp% and click OK. Wait for Windows to scan your hard drive for files to delete. Type in %temp% and hit enter. May 14, 2020 · Or, if you have a keyboard on your Windows 10 device, press the Windows + I keys simultaneously. * And then double back to delete the files and dirs. Click Start, and then type "Disk Cleanup. Press the “Win + R” key binding. บน Jan 3, 2024 · To delete Prefetch temp files: Step 01: Launch the Run dialog window again. On Windows there is no built-in ramdisk functionality. Sep 9, 2021 · Clear temp files by using the Temporary Files menu. Check the boxes next to the types of temporary files you want to delete, then click Remove files. bak. Clear search 1. Developers using temporary files are expected to clean up after themselves. On the left side of the window, go to Storage. Also empty the Recycle Bin. Click the Remove files button. Under the “Local Disk” section, click the Temporary files option. BAT extension. The Temp folder will open, CTRL+A to select all and CTRL+DEL to delete all files, some files and folders will give you issues (permission etc. enter image description here Now go the Temp folder where these extra files are there. However, Disk Cleanup only shows 3GB - which is Windows Update Cleanup files I can't delete. Press CTRL+A and press Delete to remove all files and folders. Aug 26, 2021 · Automatically remove temporary files on Windows 10 (Version 1903) and later. Release the Ctrl key when done. Then hit OK. Aug 11, 2022 · How to reduce size of WinSxS folder using Disk Cleanup. However, note that, by default, Disk Cleanup doesn't delete items that have been accessed in the last 7 days. Then, tick the Temporary files and click "OK" to delete it. Step 03: Press CTRL + A keys to copy all files and press the Delete key. TMP. Select Storage in the left sidebar, then select Configure Storage Sense or run it now . Select all the files by hitting Ctrl + A, and then hit the Delete key to remove them. If there isn't any file you need on the Downloads folder there is no problem clearing it. Membuka Windows Task Manager. Step 1. The Storage section from the System Settings. With the mouse, click the files that you want to select. Yesterday Bob wrote about a quick script that he developed to pick out comments from a Nov 3, 2015 · Replied on November 3, 2015. exe as administrator so that it can clear the per-machine TEMP files (C:\Windows\TEMP) as well. ”. This will open the Temp folder. I did not have this problem with Internet Explorer in Windows 8 and 8. Delete whatever profiles you set up and do not need. In Advanced System Settings, select the Advanced Tab and click on the User Profile Settings. exe > OK) it will delete all of the files in this directory that have been accessed not less than 7 days ago. Dec 26, 2016 · This video shows you how to clean up your Windows 10 computer from unwanted temporary files using Run Command. May 23, 2012 · This is great. Menggunakan Tombol Fungsi tanpa Menekan Fn pada Windows 10. Step 1: Search Disk Cleanup in the taskbar and open it. After completing the steps, you will Dec 29, 2018 · Yes, all *files* in the temp folder (not the folder itself) can, and should be, deleted periodically. If I helped you anyway, It makes me happy. Jan 3, 2024 · Step 5: Scroll the page to the top and click Remove files to delete temporary files in Windows 10. Press Ctrl + A to select all files. A dialog box might pop up that tells you an action can’t be complete because a temporary file is in use. Sep 22, 2018 · save the below script. ) just " Skip " and make sure to check the Apply for all files so that it won't ask you again. Lo primero que tienes que hacer para borrar los archivos temporales e entrar al menú de Configuración de Windows, que es donde el sistema operativo Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10. Click History and select Clear Recent History…. If you're looking to take this to the next level, check our guide on how to keep Windows clean of obsolete files. Then hit Enter. Check the boxes for the temporary cache files you want deleted, then click "Remove Files. On the next window, make sure the Temporary files option is enabled,. To get a description of the file type, select it. You can view and tick the items you want to delete permanently. Type the following command to disable hibernation: powercfg. Alternatively, use a command line command. – Jan 4, 2022 · 1. First, press the Windows 11 keyboard shortcut “ Win + R ” to open the Run prompt. Select OK . In fact, if you use Disk Cleanup (Start > Run > cleanmgr. Click on your hard drive. (Image credit: Future) Click the Delete button. Tip Jan 31, 2019 · Just search "File explorer options" then click on the view tab and find hidden files option and enable it. Select System . Now type TEMP and click OK. The Disk Cleanup tool included with Windows can quickly erase various system files and free up disk space. Press the "Windows + I" key simultaneously to open the Settings window and then click “System”. For the most part, the items in Disk Cleanup are safe to delete. Press WINDOWS-R on the keyboard to bring up the Run window. It is better to use System Clean up to remove unnecessary data from your PC including whatever inside TEMP file. See ways to speed up Windows 10 safely and effectively: Tips for Speeding Up Windows 10 to Run Faster - groovyPost. Search. msc and hit Enter. exe file. Find and double click on Windows Update and then click on Stop button. Create a BAT file. Aug 17, 2022 · The best option is to use Disk Cleanup (cleanmgr. Ps1. Step 3: Select Storage from the left navigation panel. Restart your computer and see if you are still experiencing the issue. Open Temporary files. Select the required checkboxes. Click Storage. Hit the Windows key, then open the Settings menu. Menukar Monitor 1 dan 2 di PC. Under the "System Restore and Shadow Copies" section, click the Clean up button. Step 3: Under Files to delete, select Temporary files to remove and click OK to run the May 29, 2024 · Step 5: Choose Files to Delete. Under Files to delete, tick the files or folders you wish to delete. But the built-in auto cleanup feature is new to Creators Update. Open Troubleshoot settings. if you don’t wish to delete, enter “N” for No at any stage. " 2. Go to “ Temporary files . Both Windows 10 and 11 allow users to quickly identify and clear temp files through the Temporary Files menu. " When you're prompted to confirm, select "Continue" and your cache will be cleared. You can either navigate to the above address manually. You can vote as helpful, but you cannot reply or subscribe to this thread. Open start bar and turn to "Settings" > "System" > "Storage". The instructions are: Click Start and type %temp% in the search box. Click the “ Remove Files ” button. Type powershell and press Enter. Type %TEMP% and click Oct 8, 2023 · How to remove temporary files from the Windows operating system. You can also access it on your Windows 10 PC via the shortcut button below, then choose Temporary files. Use Disk Cleanup to clear temporary files cache. Run Disk Cleanup or CCleaner to delete even more junk files. Deleting the files in that folder will clear Windows temp cache. Note: If it’s been fewer than 10 days since you upgraded to Windows 10, your previous version of Windows will be listed as a system file you can delete. Step 2: In the Settings window, select System. Where is it located? Why you want to delete it? If it is Windows Temp file, you shouldn't delete it because it is part of Windows but you may delete its contains. On Linux the "temporary" directories are typically ramdisks, meaning that they are cleared on a reboot. Type prefetch and click OK. Click System. After opening the Run window, type “temp” and click “Ok“. Mar 15, 2023 · Right-click Recycle Bin and choose Empty Recycle Bin. " 4. Save rd %temp% /s /q in a text file with the . Settings > System > Storage and click a drive. Under Files to delete, select the file types to get rid of. It will open the Windows Temp folder location in your user directory. Feb 11, 2019 · Windows 10 has a setting that can clean the temp folder automatically. Select the temporary files you want to remove. To do this: Exit all programs. Disk Cleanup Dec 22, 2017 · To clear temporary files automatically in Windows 10, you need to enable the new option. Make sure that drive "C:" is selected, and click "OK. Membuka Command Prompt di Windows. Step 3. exe) to clean up the %TEMP% folder. ul ge jo it wm tl lt yx np xl