CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY a_b_temp ON demo (a,b); Description. Note that defaults only apply to newly inserted rows. You can achieve what you want in two steps: Create a new Constraint, and Alter the table to add that constraint. ) Also, regular DROP INDEX commands can be performed within a transaction block, but DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot. For example, for a table created as A then renamed to B the constraint remains A_pkey but I only have the table Parameters. Basic Syntax: ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name; Parameters. The only dependency between constraints is the dependency of a foreign key on the primary or unique key on the target table. Drop index in PostgreSQL will acquire the exclusive lock on the table; it will block operations access until the drop index was not completed successfully. The recommended recovery method in such cases is to drop the index and try again to perform CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY. (Another possibility is to rebuild the index with REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY ). Running the next query for each column : alter table add constraint name check (xxx is not null) b. ALTER TABLE recurring_charges. For temporary tables, DROP INDEX is always non-concurrent, as no other session can access them, and non-concurrent index drop is cheaper Once the constraint is in place, no new violations can be inserted, and the existing problems can be corrected at leisure until VALIDATE CONSTRAINT finally succeeds. CASCADE. I can see that the index is implicitly dropped when I remove the column with ALTER TABLE, but I understand I should use CONCURRENTLY when dropping an index. ) Jan 21, 2009 · 120. Drop the index without locking out concurrent selects, inserts, updates, and deletes on the index's table. It seems, however, that this not only quotes the contraint names (e. Now you can "right click" on the respective column name and then click "Properties". When updating large portions of a table it is much faster to create indices from scratch than to add rows iteratively. This method is invoked by specifying the CONCURRENTLY option of REINDEX. mytable ) then the table is created in the specified schema. A check constraint uses a boolean expression to evaluate the values, ensuring that only valid data Nov 15, 2022 · In the documentation for CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY there is a note: Regular index builds permit other regular index builds on the same table to occur simultaneously, but only one concurrent index build can occur on a table at a time. 1 It turns out that unique indices and concurrent transactions can interact in nasty and surprising ways. REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW completely replaces the contents of a materialized view. This works the same for all constraint types except not-null constraints. add constraint ck_only_one check ((col1 is null and col2 is not null) or (col2 is null and col1 is not null)); Separation with parenthesis is to be given for better segregation. alter table table_1. AND contype = 'u'; Then drop the constraint as follows: ALTER TABLE cart DROP CONSTRAINT cart_shop_user_id_key; Replace cart_shop_user_id_key with whatever you got from the first query. table_constraints; Then if you find one, you should be able to drop it like: ALTER TABLE <my_table> DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>. Nov 19, 2020 · The main purpose of the NOT VALID constraint option is to reduce the impact of adding a constraint on concurrent updates. Dropping a Constraint Concurrently in PostgreSQL. It makes consistent backups even if the database is being used concurrently. If it's a big table, INSERT or UPDATE statements could be blocked for a looooong time. Jul 25, 2018 · 66. g. I do not see a similar note in the documentation for DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY. The table has a unique constraint across several columns, each of which is indexed. In practice, an index can become corrupted and no longer contain valid data due to hardware failures or software bugs. Mar 6, 2019 · So you can use. With this option, the command instead waits until conflicting transactions have completed. No constraint on a PostgreSQL table depends on another constraint on the same table, so the order does not matter here. The old contents are discarded. PostgreSQL Lock Conflicts This tool shows all commands and locks in postgres. If you are using a version so ancient that it does not, you should 1) upgrade urgently, 2) tell us the version, 3) not use features unsupported on the ancient ALTER TABLE changes the definition of an existing table. It's important to notice that dropping the database constraints should be considered a last resort action. Jul 25, 2023 · In PostgreSQL, you cannot use DROP CONSTRAINT CONCURRENTLY. IN your case : or if you want it concurrently. test=# insert into master values (0, 1); ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "master_con_id_key". "book_pkey") but also adds parantheses ( " (book_pkey)" ). When the new table is ready, drop the old and rename the new to make it a drop-in replacement. Read This documentation for your reference Drop Index. Depending on the amount of down time you can have, and on the speed of your database, the simplest solution might be to create a new table with all Feb 2, 2022 · Step 1: Create an index on the partitioned (parent) table. Drop the already implemented Unique constraint. edited Sep 18, 2021 at 11:08. If the constraint is marked NOT VALID, the potentially-lengthy initial check to verify that all rows in the table satisfy the constraint is skipped. Related advice in the manual. If WITH DATA is specified (or defaults) the backing query is executed to provide the new data, and the materialized view is left in a scannable state. SET CONSTRAINTS ALL changes the mode of all deferrable constraints. In PostgreSQL, a CHECK constraint ensures that values in a column or a group of columns meet a specific condition. To use the `IF EXISTS` clause, add it after the `CONSTRAINT` keyword: DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS constraint_name. Aug 8, 2017 · a. Given an existing Postgres DOMAIN with CHECK constraint: CREATE DOMAIN code as CHAR(1) CHECK (value IN ('A', 'B', 'C')); I need to alter the CHECK constraint to add D as a member to the valid set A, B and C. Step 2: Drop Primary Key Constraint. Step 2: Create the index for each partition using CONCURRENTLY and attach to the parent index. Aug 16, 2019 · Postgres: Recreating Indexes supporting Unique, Foreign Key and Primary Key Constraints. For example, you could create a constraint to ensure that the value in a `”name”` column is unique, or that the value in a `”quantity”` column is always greater than zero. The key field (s) for the index are specified as column names, or alternatively as expressions written in parentheses. If you don't know the name of an already implemented UNIQUE constraint, you can get its auto-generated name through pg admin. pg_dump does not block other users accessing the database (readers or writers). Validate the constraints ( ALTER TABLE foo VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bar for each Dec 5, 2014 · CREATE TABLE mystat ( id bigint NOT NULL, creation date NOT NULL DEFAULT current_date, client_addr text NOT NULL, pid integer NOT NULL, usename name NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT mystat_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id) ) WITH ( OIDS=FALSE ); May 12, 2023 · Index name: We define the index name we want to drop from the database table. Removing a "NOT NULL" constraint allows the column to contain NULL values, providing more flexibility in your database schema. Nov 22, 2013 · You can group them all in the same alter statement: alter col2 drop not null, You can also retrieve the list of relevant columns from the catalog, if you feel like writing a do block to generate the needed sql. DROP TABLE removes tables from the database. CREATE INDEX constructs an index on the specified column (s) of the specified relation, which can be a table or a materialized view. You may be able to remove the unique CONSTRAINT, and not the INDEX itself. ); Looking at the catalogue we see the constraint name: SELECT conname FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname LIKE 'test%'; -- "test_pkey". A not-null constraint is functionally equivalent to creating a check constraint CHECK (column_name IS NOT NULL), but in PostgreSQL creating an explicit not-null constraint is more efficient. Mar 9, 2012 · We have a PostgreSQL database with a fairly large table (~50 million rows). ) Dec 20, 2018 · 1. the DROP CONSTRAINT clause, specifying the name of the constraint to be. This step creates an invalid index. A not-null constraint is always written as a column constraint. Subsequent insert and update operations in the table will store a null Feb 6, 2024 · Step 2: Use the ALTER TABLE Command. In PostgreSQL, a constraint is a rule that enforces a certain condition on data in a table. Before I get into the “why”, here are the implications: When two transactions insert the The `IF EXISTS` clause can be used to prevent errors when dropping a constraint that does not exist. To find the name of the unique constraint, run. If the constraint does not exist, the `IF EXISTS` clause will simply do nothing. 最近Postgresのテーブル定義の大規模な改修を行いました。 その中でカラム名の変更を行ったが、その前に主キーや外部キー等の制約を外さないといけなかったので、作業メモとして残しておきます。 Nov 4, 2015 · If you don't have foreign keys pointing your id you could add new column, fill it, drop old one and rename new to old: alter table my_table add column new_id bigint; begin; update my_table set new_id = id where id between 0 and 100000; commit; begin; update my_table set new_id = id where id between 100001 and 200000; commit; 通过使用alter table语句并指定drop constraint子句，我们可以在postgresql中删除各种类型的约束，包括主键约束、唯一约束、非空约束、外键约束和检查约束。熟练掌握删除约束的语法和示例，对于修改表结构或不再需要某个约束时非常有用。 I need to drop a column from my (large) Postgres table. Perform the changes ( ALTER TABLE foo ALTER COLUMN bar TYPE BIGINT for each table and primary/foreign key). This is because the index is used to maintain the integrity of the data in the table, and if other transactions were allowed to modify the table while the index was being dropped Introduction to PostgreSQL REINDEX statement. The key field (s) for the index are specified as column names, or alternatively Jan 6, 2024 · For example, if you want to drop an index but only if a certain condition is met, you might write a PL/pgSQL function or use a DO statement: DO $ BEGIN IF (SELECT COUNT (*) FROM pg_indexes WHERE indexname = 'index_name') > 0 THEN DROP INDEX index_name; END IF; END$; This code checks if the index exists and only then proceeds to drop it. After that, a VALIDATE CONSTRAINT command can be issued to verify that existing rows satisfy the constraint. FROM pg_constraint. A normal DROP INDEX acquires an ACCESS EXCLUSIVE lock on the table, blocking other accesses until the index drop can be completed. e: Postgres does allow ON DELETE SET NULL as part of the foreign key declaration. and a. pg_attribute a. When doing an ALTER TABLE statement in MySQL, the whole table is read-locked (allowing concurrent reads, but prohibiting concurrent writes) for the duration of the statement. CREATE INDEX constructs an index on the specified column (s) of the specified table. Readers acquire many shared locks on a resource (row, object or table) but only one writer can acquire an exclusive lock. PostgreSQL allows you to create a UNIQUE constraint to a group of columns using the following syntax: c1 data_type, c2 data_type, c3 data_type, UNIQUE (c2, c3) The combination of values in the columns c2 and c3 will be unique across the whole table. Now I want to simply remove the multi-column unique constraint, so I executed this SQL: Name of an existing constraint to drop. Refuse to drop the column or constraint if there are any dependent objects. Here’s an example of how to drop a foreign key constraint: In this example, the constraint fk_orders_customers is being dropped from the orders Dec 7, 2021 · 1. pg_dump only dumps a single database. ON foo_1 (col1, col2, col3); To add a (multicolumn) unique constraint to a table: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD CONSTRAINT dist_id_zipcode_key UNIQUE (dist_id, zipcode); To add an automatically named primary key constraint to a table, noting that a table can only ever have one primary key: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD PRIMARY KEY (dist_id); Sep 20, 2018 · Here is an example how this could be done: CREATE TABLE tab (id integer CONSTRAINT tab_pkey PRIMARY KEY); Now let's “ REINDEX CONCURRENTLY ”: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY tab_pkey_temp ON tab (id); BEGIN; ALTER TABLE tab DROP CONSTRAINT tab_pkey; ALTER INDEX tab_pkey_temp RENAME TO tab_pkey; ALTER TABLE tab ADD CONSTRAINT tab_pkey May 24, 2023 · To drop a foreign key constraint in PostgreSQL, you’ll need to use the ALTER TABLE command. However, to drop a table that is referenced CONCURRENTLY. The RENAME clause causes the name of a table or column to change Description. Oct 26, 2019 · 5. The DROP CONSTRAINT clause can be used in conjunction with ALTER TABLE to drop a primary key constraint from a Postgres table. Description. With this option, the command instead waits until conflicting transactions have Oct 8, 2019 · However, you can remove the foreign key constraint from a column and then re-add it to the column. If you select a command, it lists the locks that it acquires, commands that conflicts with it and commands that are allowed to run concurrently with it (with no conflict or blocking). Here’s a quick test case in five steps: Drop the big and little table if they exists. The ALTER COLUMN form allows you to set or remove the default for the column. user_id int PRIMARY KEY, user_name VARCHAR (100) UNIQUE, "e-mail" VARCHAR (300) ); It will create a table; however, if you realize you forgot to add a NOT NULL constraint, you can do this in two ways. Recreate the triggers and constraints ( NOT VALID ). Parameters. For instance, something like: from pg_catalog. Mar 24, 2023 · I used to think database locks are two types, shared and exclusive. Jan 27, 2019 · Let's create a table with a Primary Key constraint which is also an Index: CREATE TABLE test(. This is simple enough, but there is also an index on the column. Feb 19, 2016 · It's needed, then, to drop the constraints on the database before attempting the procedure. Be careful, as this can potentially lead to data integrity issues. Mar 15, 2023 · Drop primary key without dropping an index; So, if it's a constraint, build a second, otherwise identical, unique index first. Since the new constraint is a superset of the first it seemed acceptable to first DROP the existing constraint and then ADD it again; i. For example, it is possible to add several columns and/or alter the type of several columns in a single command. Nov 1, 2014 · Reading the relevant part from the PostgreSQL manual: Note: Adding a constraint using an existing index can be helpful in situations where a new constraint needs to be added without blocking table updates for a long time. Oct 11, 2017 · 5. trigger_name Description. FROM table_name; Dec 1, 2017 · 1. like. Only the table owner, the schema owner, and superuser can drop a table. DROP TABLE always removes any indexes, rules, triggers, and constraints that exist for the target table. ALTER TABLE subject. Plain drop index would simply request exclusive lock on the table. In this Question’s case it's not needed as explained previously. Automatically drop objects that depend on the dropped column or constraint (for example, views referencing the column). test=# insert into master values (0, 0); INSERT 0 1. May 20, 2020 · The basic process is: Shutdown our application. To drop a FOREIGN KEY constraint, use the ALTER TABLE command followed by DROP CONSTRAINT and the name of the FOREIGN KEY. Having the name of the index, we can reindex it: REINDEX INDEX test_pkey; Jul 16, 2021 · Currently I tried the below. A normal DROP INDEX acquires exclusive lock on the table, blocking other accesses until the index drop can be completed. Otherwise it is created in the current schema. We have the non-blocking CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY for the task since Postgres 8. Learn how to remove a "NOT NULL" constraint from a column in a PostgreSQL table using SQL commands. DROP CONSTRAINT subject_foreign_fk CASCADE; As you can see, I have to write line by line across different tables (and manually find out which table is parent and which table is child etc). from information_schema. CONCURRENTLY. Jan 15, 2015 · Now a drop-down menu will open where you will see "Constraints". Another caveat when building a unique index concurrently is that the uniqueness constraint is already being enforced against other transactions To add a (multicolumn) unique constraint to a table: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD CONSTRAINT dist_id_zipcode_key UNIQUE (dist_id, zipcode); To add an automatically named primary key constraint to a table, noting that a table can only ever have one primary key: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD PRIMARY KEY (dist_id); All the forms of ALTER TABLE that act on a single table, except RENAME, SET SCHEMA, ATTACH PARTITION, and DETACH PARTITION can be combined into a list of multiple alterations to be applied together. MonthlyEvaluatedBudgetTable Contraints: budgetid_pk (Primary Key) branchid_fk (Foreign Key) accountid_fk (Foreign Key) dept_fk (Foreign Key) Is there a way in postgres to drop all foreign keys in general and not specifically in an existing CONCURRENTLY. alter table file drop constraint file_file_name_key; If you don't want to rely on the default naming strategy, you can use the following query to retrieve the name: select constraint_name. Automatically drop objects that depend on the table (such as views), and in turn all objects that depend on those objects (see Section 5. The current schema search path is used to find the first matching name if no schema name is specified. Jun 10, 2018 · drop index and drop index concurrently are usually very fast commands, but they both, as all DDL commands, require exclusive access to the table. The table will be owned by the user issuing the command. This is the default behavior. To add a (multicolumn) unique constraint to a table: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD CONSTRAINT dist_id_zipcode_key UNIQUE (dist_id, zipcode); To add an automatically named primary key constraint to a table, noting that a table can only ever have one primary key: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD PRIMARY KEY (dist_id); Jan 1, 2018 · To add the index to your table, run: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY <constraint_name> ON <table_name> USING btree (<column_one>, <column_two>); The key word there is CONCURRENTLY, which means: PostgreSQL will build the index without taking any locks that prevent concurrent inserts, updates, or deletes on the table. But FYI, you can set constraints to 2 or more (non-PrimaryKey) columns with different types. The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the table to drop. DROP CONSTRAINT recurring_charges_period_excl; And now I've updated my original DDL to use the full ADD CONSTRAINT syntax so that I can name my constraint rather than relying on automatic naming behavior: ALTER TABLE 4. CREATE TABLE will create a new, initially empty table in the current database. This form adds a new constraint to a table using the same syntax as CREATE TABLE, plus the option NOT VALID, which is currently only allowed for foreign key and CHECK constraints. The drawback is that you cannot give explicit names to not-null constraints created this way. The value of the column c2 or c3 needs not to be unique. For example: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE (integer_column, boolean_column); For more info, see the Postgres doc for Constraints, the "Unique An example is that a foreign key constraint depends on a unique or primary key constraint on the referenced column(s). With this option, the command instead waits until conflicting transactions have PostgreSQL supports rebuilding indexes with minimum locking of writes. I wanted to remove all foreign key constraints from a schema. Id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY. To drop a constraint, you will use the ALTER TABLE command followed by DROP CONSTRAINT, and then specify the name of the constraint. You can do like this. where table_name = 'file'. and column_name = 'file_name'; How to Remove a Not Null Constraint in PostgreSQL. To do that, create the index using CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY, and then install it as an official constraint using this syntax. For context, I recently deleted about half the rows in the table -- old data. to the new table. Introduction to PostgreSQL CHECK constraints. create unique index concurrently unique_id on the_big_table (id); Parameters. Additionally, when you create an index without the CONCURRENTLY option, the index may become invalid if the index build fails. ALTER TABLE changes the definition of an existing table. When this option is used, PostgreSQL must perform two scans of the table for each index that needs to be rebuilt and wait for termination of all existing transactions that could potentially use the In table description (\d in psql) you can tell unique constraint from unique index. Check your CONSTRAINTS via select * from information_schema. Uniqueness. Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use can result in slower performance). Is there a way to do a "hot alter", like adding a column in such a way that the Jun 11, 2020 · 1. With NOT VALID, the ADD CONSTRAINT command does not scan the table and can be committed immediately. SELECT conname. Nov 25, 2022 · Let’s validate the table’s structure via the following command: SELECT * FROM staff_bio; This way, you can add a primary key to any table’s column. WHERE conrelid = 'cart'::regclass. Double-click over the "Constraints" column and you will see a new drop-down menu with all the "Constraints" we created for the respective table. Drop DB triggers and constraints. I have frequently found myself in situations when I had to reindex a few indexes (because the index got bloated a lot), and I always have to lookup the exact commands, after searching quite a bit, just to be sure that I am doing the right thing and not making a mistake. I deleted all rows from both the tables (Thus, an index that supports a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint cannot be dropped this way. 2 (almost forever now). So my question is: Jan 5, 2024 · Dropping Constraints: The Basics. Adding one constraint check not null for all columns : alter table add constraint name check (xxx is not null, yyy is not null, bbb is not null. If a Jul 6, 2024 · To drop a constraint in PostgreSQL, use the ALTER TABLE command followed by. I was successful in dropping constraints from most of the tables but in few of them drop foreign key constraint query is getting stuck. Postgres implements unique constraints by creating a unique index – an index that can only contain unique values. @MaxMilovets All supported versions of PostgreSQL support drop index concurrently. 14). However sometimes if table is already renamed I can’t get the original table name to construct right constraint name. However, if you can't drop the current FK constraint, then it's unlikely you'll be able to switch to a different one. DROP CONSTRAINT subject_details_pk CASCADE; ALTER TABLE subject. ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT fkey_name; I tried truncate cascade but it was also getting stuck. SET CONSTRAINTS with a list of constraint names changes the mode of just those constraints (which must all be deferrable). So, whenever a direct database update is necessary, try to follow through the constraints by workarounding the reported warnings. key_column_usage. A check constraint allows you to enforce data integrity rules at the database level. That way, none of the table partitions will get the index applied automatically. The manual: ( CASCADE will remove a dependent view entirely, but in the foreign-key case it will only remove the foreign-key constraint, not the other table entirely. So, is there any other way to drop all Description. All the forms of ALTER TABLE that act on a single table, except RENAME, SET SCHEMA, ATTACH PARTITION, and DETACH PARTITION can be combined into a list of multiple alterations to be applied together. The ALTER COLUMN SET/DROP DEFAULT forms allow you to set or remove the default for the column. Jul 21, 2022 · create unique index concurrently new_key on foo (col_a,col_b); begin; alter table foo drop constraint foo_pkey ; alter table foo add constraint foo_pkey primary key using index new_key; commit; This will still take a strong lock on the table (several of them at different times) but should only hold each one for a tiny fraction of a second. The first drop statement requires a cascade because there is a dependent little table that holds a foreign key constraint against the primary key column of the . dropped. This would block all queries (even selects) that try to use the Dec 29, 2017 · A recent outage lead me to investigate Postgres unique constraints more deeply. To empty a table of rows without destroying the table, use DELETE or TRUNCATE. I mean, if I have many foreign key constraints in a table. The first one requires a bit more work. Concurrently: Drop the index without affecting the other operations like select, insert, update, and delete. ALTER TABLE schema. This is the default. attnum > 0. tableName DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name; the constraint name by default is tableName_pkey. Jan 18, 2023 · 概要. trigger_name To add a (multicolumn) unique constraint to a table: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD CONSTRAINT dist_id_zipcode_key UNIQUE (dist_id, zipcode); To add an automatically named primary key constraint to a table, noting that a table can only ever have one primary key: ALTER TABLE distributors ADD PRIMARY KEY (dist_id); Nov 23, 2016 · How can I drop Foreign keys in general. To execute this command you must be the owner of the materialized view. However, building an index concurrently will take much longer then adding the index without that option. Figured it out - looks like it generated a name for the constraint that I have to use. RESTRICT. where attrelid = 'tbl'::regclass. Refuse to drop the table if any objects depend on it. The ADD COLUMN form adds a new column to the table using the same syntax as CREATE TABLE. The constraint Oct 30, 2013 · Then add constraints, foreign keys, indices, triggers etc. They differ only in how they try to achieve this exclusive access. This command allows you to modify the structure of a table, including removing a foreign key constraint. . ) 2)In the first method it takes about 125425 ms to create the constraint on the table when it is Name of an existing constraint to drop. Use a temporary name, it will later be thrown out the window. August 16, 2019 • programming. So you can either remove all foreign key constraints first and then all other constraints, or you Oct 8, 2023 · I need to programmatically drop all of a table's constraints, without knowing all constraint names, and I have so far come up with this bit of code, where 'book' is the table of which I want to drop all constraints. The DROP COLUMN form does not physically remove the column, but simply makes it invisible to SQL operations. Feb 2, 2024 · First, create a table: CREATE TABLE users(. pg_dump is a utility for backing up a PostgreSQL database. Jan 3, 2022 · If FK constraints point to a table to be deleted, add CASCADE to also drop any such FK constraint (not the referencing tables). In such cases, you can rebuild the index. When you drop an index in PostgreSQL, the database needs to lock the table to ensure that no other transactions modify the table while the index is being dropped. Let's check uniqueness, just in case. Here’s an example: ALTER TABLE orders DROP CONSTRAINT orders_product_id_fkey; This command removes the FOREIGN KEY constraint named orders_product_id_fkey from the orders table. If a schema name is given (for example, CREATE TABLE myschema. Each constraint name can be schema-qualified. Sep 15, 2021 · 1. Here’s a basic example of how to remove a constraint named ‘user_email_key’ from a table called ‘users’: It’s important to know the exact name of the constraint. You can create a unique index with the option concurrently which will allow read and write access to the table while the index is created. To drop a not null constraint use: ALTER TABLE products ALTER COLUMN product_no DROP NOT NULL; (Recall that not-null constraints do not have names. and table_schema = 'public'. Restart the application. ix cn bm gs oi zt sf uu ey wp